Have you ever created a document view in SharePoint and then placed that view on another site only to go back to the original document library and then get an error?
I took steps to view the log files, clear the application cache. I even went so far as to completely rebuild the SharePoint system. I had also installed the Service Pack 1. I have attacked this problem now and again.
I have to say that Microsoft has now FIXED the problem. In my process I built a test server and restored the production data to it. I then downloaded the latest SharePoint hotfix. At the time there was November 2012 and December 2012. The November update was over 900 megabytes so I installed that first. Looking through the updates that were covered by the hotfix I did not see any specific fix detailing the problem. After installation I was able to access the documents libraries normally with no errors.
You can find the download for SharePoint 2010 at this link. I would bookmark this page as it updates with the latest hotfixes.